TAAL VOLCANO

                                     Taal has had 33 eruptions since 1572. 

The largest four events being in:

1749- A Plinian style eruption where all of Volcano Island and the towns of Taal, old Sala and part of old Tanauan were devastated.  There was much crustal disturbance, and many large earthquakes..3

1754- A documented Plinian style eruption, greatest in recorded history of Taal, where the towns of Sala, Lipa, Tanauan and Talisay were destroyed and what is now Metro Manila was covered in debris5  Description given by Fr. Buencochillo stationed at Taal6

On May 15, 1754, at about 9 or 10 o'clock in the night, the volcano quite unexpectedly commenced to roar and emit, sky-high, formidable flames intermixed with glowing rocks which, falling back upon the island and rolling down the slopes of the mountain, created the impression of a large river of fire. During the following days there appeared in the lake a large quantity of pumice stone which had been ejected by the volcano. Part of these ejecta had also reached the hamlet of Bayuyungan and completely destroyed it.

The volcano continued thus until June 2, during the night of which the eruption reached such proportions that the falling ejecta made the entire island appear to be on fire, and it was even feared that the catastrophe might involve the shores of the lake. From the said 2d of June until September 25, the volcano never ceased to eject fire and mud of such bad character that the best ink does not cause so black a stain.

During the night of September 25, the fire emitted was quite extraordinary and accompanied by terrifying rumblings. The strangest thing was, that within the black column of smoke issuing from the volcano ever since June 2, there frequently formed thunderstorms, and it happened that the huge tempest cloud would scarcely ever disappear during two months.

At daybreak of September 26 we found ourselves forced to abandon our dwelling for fear lest the roofs come down upon us under the weight of ashes and stones which had fallen upon them during that hapless night. In fact, some weaker buildings collapsed. The depth of the layer of ashes and stones exceeded two "cuartas" (45 centimeters), and the result was that there was neither tree nor other plant which it did not ruin or crush, giving to the whole region an aspect as if a devastating conflagration had swept over it. After this the volcano calmed down considerably, though not sufficiently to offer any prospect of tranquility. Story Continued

 

 

1911- Volcano Island was demolished, 1334 people were killed mostly by ash and pyroclastic flows.  In addition, lava flows and tsunamis on crater lake killed others. Ash was spewn on Manila 60 km away; a puppy was the only survivor.29

1965- Phreatic activity, where a great column of steam, ash, cinders and dust rose into the air several thousand feet.  200 people died, mainly from tsunamis on Lake Taal.  There were pyroclastic surges and ashfall covered 60 sq km and affected all of Volcano Island.7  

                                                     Photograph of Taal Volcano, Philippines, 1965

                                                   1965 Phreatic Eruption at Taal 8

 

 

Table borrowed from Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History Global Volcanism Program, Volcanic Activity Reports: Taal http://www.volcano.si.edu/gvp/world/region07/luzon/taal/var.htm 04/19/04

09/68 (CSLP 21-68) Increased steaming from cone area

10/68 (CSLP 47-68) Increasing seismicity and surface thermal activity

12/68 (CSLP 47-68) Continued seismicity through mid-December

10/69 (CSLP 133-69) Eruption of ash and incandescent fragments on 29 October

11/69 (CSLP 133-69) Continued production of lava flows and ejecta; new cone on SE flank

12/69 (CSLP 133-69) Lava flows continue; new vent forms as activity shifts towards the west

12/70 (CSLP 113-70) Profuse steaming; fresh landslide noted; active rift

09/76 (SEAN 01:12) Precursors trigger evacuation before explosive eruptions in early September

11/76 (SEAN 01:14) Strong, frequent eruptions with ashfall through mid-October

12/76 (SEAN 01:15) Weak steaming; larger steam plume on 30 October

10/77 (SEAN 02:10) Weak phreatic eruption with harmonic tremor

11/77 (SEAN 02:11) Ejection of voluminous ash-laden steam clouds on 9 November

02/78 (SEAN 03:02) Harmonic tremor continues, but no eruption

10/87 (SEAN 12:10) Increase in recorded earthquakes; minor deformation

12/87 (SEAN 12:12) Seismicity abates; thermal activity normal

08/88 (SEAN 13:08) Seismicity and slight inflation

10/89 (SEAN 14:10) Increased seismicity; main crater inflation

03/91 (BGVN 16:03) Increased shallow seismicity and felt earthquakes; more than 1,000 evacuated

04/91 (BGVN 16:04) Continued seismicity and changes to crater lake

07/91 (BGVN 16:07) Abnormal seismicity continues

01/92 (BGVN 17:01) Earthquake swarm, deformation, and new fissures document apparent intrusion; evacuations

02/92 (BGVN 17:02) Crater lake temperature and seismicity decline

02/94 (BGVN 19:02) Rise in seismicity, deformation, and temperature