Formats and Bibliographies for
Papers, Case Studies, & Theses
DEPAUW UNIVERSITY
Professor Thomas Hall
Last updated March 14, 2004

Here are some guidelines for final draft of your Paper, Case Study, or Thesis in my classes.  PLEASE NOTE: different academic disciplines have different conventions for citations.  These are what you should use in my classes.  For the most part they follow the guidelines of the American Sociological Association.

DO NOT USE MLA STYLE for printed sources.

For non reference format questions see How to Write Essays for Professor Hall

Citations in the Text:
For in-text citations use the usual sociology method:
According to Smith and Wessen, "guns kill people" (1938, p. 45).

Separate a series of sources by semi-colons, and a series of dates for different publications by the same author by commas, period AFTER the closing parenthesis:
Most researchers agree that world-system theory is complex (Shannon 1996; Wallerstein 1974, 1979, 1980, 1989; Chirot and Hall 1982).

For situations, such as detailed descriptions, where you use several sources which you summarize and mix together you may cite your sources in either of two ways:
(1) Use in the in-text convention with refs in parentheses (as above); OR
(2) you can put one ENDNOTE for each section listing the major sources you use in that section.

For (1) you need a reference for each fact or claim. For (2) you will need in-text reference ONLY when you have a direct quote or specific fact taken from a specific page. In the endnote use the name (date) convention, and list sources in the bibliography.

Maps, Charts, Tables:
The convention is as follows: in the nearest FOLLOWING paragraph break put in a centered statement:

MAP 1 about here

Then place ALL maps and tables at the end, after the endnotes and bibliography.

You may photo copy maps and or tables and include them in your paper, case study or thesis. If you use the enlarge/shrink button on the copier you can get rid of extraneous material. For maps you can sketch in by hand any information you want to add. When you do this it is important to note where you found the item, that is, the source, of the table or map. To do this, type or print on the page the following: Source(s): Palmer (19xx, p. 15) and Dunaway (1994, p. xxx).

Typically you have only one source, but you may have instances where you may be combining info from more than one map, then you have more than one source, even though you have copied only one map.

Bibliographic Entries:
Here are some examples of bibliographic entries. All the material in italics may be underlined if you and your word processor can not do italics. Do one OR the other, but not both.

A dissertation:
Hall, Thomas D. 1981. Varieties of Ethnic Persistence in the American Southwest. Unpublished Ph.D. diss. Dept. of Sociology, University of Washington, Seattle.

A book, one author:
Hall, Thomas D. 1989. Social Change in the Southwest, 1350-1880. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas.

A book more than one author:
Chase-Dunn, Christopher and Thomas D. Hall. 1997. Rise and Demise: Comparing World-Systems. Boulder: Westview Press.

An edited book:
Chase-Dunn, Christopher and Thomas D. Hall, editors. 1991. Core/Periphery Relations in Precapitalist Worlds. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

A chapter in an edited collection:
Hall, Thomas D. 1991. "The Role of Nomads in Core/Periphery Relations." Pp. 212-239 in Core/Periphery Relations in Precapitalist Worlds, edited by Christopher Chase-Dunn and Thomas D. Hall. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
NOTE WELL: Even when the editor of the book is the author of the chapter the name appears twice.  Typically these are different.

A journal article:
Chase-Dunn, Christopher and Thomas D. Hall. 1994. "The Historical Evolution of World-Systems."  Sociological Inquiry 64:3(Summer):257-280.
[NOTE: some journals do not have numbers (the "3" above) or do not give months or seasons ("summer" above). Give complete page numbers for article or chapter. Do not truncate hundreds, e.g., DO NOT use 257-80 for the above].

A paper presented at a conference:
Chase-Dunn, Christopher and Thomas D. Hall. 1993. "Explaining the Historical Evolution of World-Systems." Paper presented at the American Sociological Association meeting, Miami, August.

For authors who have more than one publication in the same year:
Thomas D. Hall. 1989a. "Is Historical Sociology of Peripheral Regions Peripheral?." Pp. 349-372 in Studies of Development and Change in the Modern World, edited by Michael T. Martin and Terry R. Kandal. New York: Oxford University Press.
_____. 1989b. "The Role of Nomads in Core - Periphery Relations." Paper presented at the International Society for the Comparative Study of Civilizations meetings, Berkeley, CA, June 1-4, 1989.
_____. 1989c. "Historical Sociology and Native Americans: Methodological Problems." American Indian Quarterly 13:3:223-238.
______, ed. 2000a. A World-Systems Reader: New Perspectives on Gender, Urbanism, Cultures, Indigenous Peoples, and Ecology. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Press.
NOTE:  here the "author" is the editor, indicated by the ed. at the end of the name.
______. 2000b. "World-Systems Analysis: A Small Sample from a Large Universe." Pp. 3-27 in A World-Systems Reader: New Perspectives on Gender, Urbanism, Cultures, Indigenous Peoples, and Ecology, edited by Thomas D. Hall. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
_____. 2000c. "Frontiers, and Ethnogenesis, and World-Systems: Rethinking the Theories." Pp. 237-270 in A World-Systems Reader: New Perspectives on Gender, Urbanism, Cultures, Indigenous Peoples, and Ecology, edited by Thomas D. Hall. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
NOTE WELL:  This list shows in the first entry a chapter in an edited collection, a conference paper, a journal article.  Since these are all in the same year, they are distinguished by adding a letter of the alphabet to each date.  Then there is an edited book, and two chapters in the book by the editor of the book.  Again, letters are added to the dates to distinguish among them.   The is NO space between the date and the letter.    

Other Conventions:
You may single-space the bibliography, but double space between authors.

Sole-authored sources are different from multiple authored sources, EVEN when the first author is the same. Thus, you should double-space between them:

Hall, Thomas D. 1994. "The Case for a World-Systems Approach to Civilizations: A View from the 'Transformationist' Camp." Comparative Civilizations Review 30(Spring):30-49.

Hall, Thomas D. and Christopher Chase-Dunn. 1993. "The World-Systems Perspective and Archaeology: Forward into the Past." Journal of Archaeological Research 1:2:121-143.

Citations to Class Materials:
Occasionally you may wish to cite material presented in class. For Reaction Papers this is typically from lectures. For Case Studies or Theses this is typically to presentations by other students. For either, use the full class date for the date in the in text citation [e.g., April 14, 2004]. For the name, give the surname of the person. If it is to lecture, it will be Hall; If it is to another student's presentation it will be her/his surname. In the bibliography use format for conference paper. For title give lecture, if that is what it was. For a student presentation, use "Presentation on Thesis," or "Presentation on Case Study." If it was a guest lecture, substitute "Guest Lecture."

Electronic Resources References [Web or Internet Sources]:
FOR CITATIONS TO ELECTRONIC RESOURCES USE:
Electronic Reference Formats Recommended by the American Psychological Association

The key here is to give the full URL so I, or other reader, can find the same source on the net. You should cite the date you looked at the source, since web sources often change. 

A brief example:
JPeter Turchin and Thomas D. Hall. 2003. “Spatial Synchrony among and within World-Systems: Insights from Theoretical Ecology.” Journal of World-Systems Research 9:1(Winter):37-64 [ejournal:  http://jwsr.ucr.edu/index.php, accessed March 4, 2004].

If you have comments or suggestions, email me at thall@depauw.edu